![]() In the field of neurosurgery, like in other surgical specialties, the last decades have brought major achievements. All rights reserved.Īctualities and Perspectives in Neurosurgery ![]() As this article illustrates, the computer, with its underlying and related technologies, is central to advances in neurosurgery over the last half century. Potential impacts of advances in computers related to neurosurgery in developing countries and underserved regions are also discussed. Developments over the last 10 years in areas of sensors and robotics that promise to transform the practice of neurosurgery further are discussed. Advances in computer technology central to innovations in these fields are highlighted, with particular attention to neuroimaging. Neuroimaging, neuronavigation, and neuromodulation are examples of tools in the armamentarium of the modern neurosurgeon that owe each step in their evolution to progress made in computer technology. The focus of this article is the impact modern computers have had on the practice of neurosurgery. The rapid progress in the field of neurosurgery not only occurred hand in hand with the development of modern computers, but one also can state that modern neurosurgery would not exist without computers. During this time, the first automated, programmable computational machines were introduced. Just before that era, the transistor was invented in the late 1940s, and the integrated circuit was invented in the late 1950s. ![]() The techniques that revolutionized neurosurgery were mostly developed after the 1950s. Today, most neurosurgical procedures rely at least in part on the use of a computer to help perform surgeries accurately and safely. At the turn of the twentieth century, the only computational device used in neurosurgical procedures was the brain of the surgeon. ![]()
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